Breech block and ejector assembly



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Sept. l, 1964 P. H. GIROUARD ETAL BREEH BLOCK AND EJECTOR ASSEMBLYv l .Original Filed Allgv 27. 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet l .ZA/VE/vroks Pfl/ws H. /Ral/ARD c'mn u/l/cfr/wy-fmsfa Gamuz A.. Kaus JOHN I. Nasa/v Muro c: Nel/Marv #ARR/smv RANDOLPH THOMAS c. coLL/Ee Sept. 1, 1964 V P. H. GIROUARD ETAL 3,146,671

' BREECH BLOCK'AND EJECTOR ASSEMBLY original Filed Aug. 27, 1952 7 sheets-sheetz sept. 1, 1964 P. H. GIROUARD ETAL 3,146,671

BREECH BLOCK AND EJEcToR ASSEMBLY Original Filed Aug. 27, 1952 7 sheets-sheet s 0F EMPTY C155 TRN? INVENTORS PHIL/A5 H. IRM/HRD (WHL lf/l/c/r /mzefnscn 641ML 4. AWA/5 JOHN I. NELSON MILTON C NEI/MAN #ARR/soy RM/noLP/l BREECH BLOGK AND EJECTOR ASSEMBLY Original Filed Aug. 27. 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 /45'2 I@ [I 'o Il I I I El l# I Il VX o l o o 30 o *#346 v,336 3.26 3/ m5712730 -3-14L 20L 34 3l@ 3M l 300e s v l 2 130 4 I I I I W cna cna SEI? Sept. 1, 1964 P. H. GlRouARD ETAL. 3,146,671

` BREECH BLOCK AND EJECTOR ASSEMBLY Original Filed Aug. 27, 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Sept l, 1964 P. H. GlRoUARD ETAL 3,146,671

BREECH BLOCK AND EJECTOR ASSEMBLY Original Filed Aug. 2'?. 1952 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6V TAMA/1,45 c. co/ L /Ee mM/5 Sept. 1 1964 P. H. GlRoUARD ETAL 3,146,671

BREECH BLOCK AND EJEcToR ASSEMBLY Original Filed Aug. 27. 1952 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 United States Patent O 6 Claims. (Cl. 89-24) The present invention relates to major caliber guns with calibers of the order of magnitude of tive inches or greater preferably employing separate or semi-fixed ammunition and intended to be effective for both anti-aircraft and surface fire and particularly to the mount structure for such guns and the ammunition handling features thereof.

This application is a division of copending application Serial No. 306,612, led August 27, 1952, by the present applicants.

In guns of this caliber it is highly desirable that a substantially normal or conventional position of the gun trunnions be maintained in order to keep the Weight of the gun at a minimum in effecting a proper gun balance. In the present invention the gun can be loaded in any position of elevation and of course in any position of turning or training. This makes the invention of high utility in anti-aircraft use.

The instrumentalities for so loading the gun are practically all automatic in their operation and when so opererated, are for the most part hydraulically actuated, suitable interlocks being provided to insure the proper sequence of operation and to prvent improper tiring of the gun. While the gun of the present invention is to be understood as having a conventional turret mounting, in that it is intended primarily for naval use, this is not necessarily essential. Other well known types of gun mountings may be employed within the purview of the present invention to make the gun available for general military use, whether naval or otherwise. While in the embodiment of the invention illustrated only one gun is shown, it is obvious that the inventive concepts and much of the structure described would be equally applicable to a mount carrying more than one gun.

The mount in general has means for supplying ammunition to the gun including a lower hoist installed on the fixed structure of the ship or other foundation. Said hoist comprises one or more hoist tubes. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated, said hoist comprises a pair of spaced tubes. The units or rounds of ammunition are automatically fed to said tubes respectively by loaders. There is a loader for each tube and the units or rounds of ammunition are manually fed to said loaders. (It may `be noted that this is the only manual operation involved in the operation of the mount while in automatic operation, and further that the manual feed can be continued in order to replenish the ammunitionin the various mount parts receiving the same at all times during automatic operation.)

The said loaders are identical andwhile their structure may be varied to suit the particular ammunition used, in

ice

the embodiment of the invention illustrated each loader comprises a casing in which are disposed two superposed rotatable drums arranged in axial alignment. Each drum has a series of circumferentially spaced chambers. These chambers in the upper drum receive the projectiles and said chambers in the lower drum receive the powder cases. The casing has an opening for each drum provided with one or more swinging doors and the powder cases and projectiles are pushed against and past said doors through said openings into said chambers in the respective drums. Said drums are automatically rotated or indexed and means are provided for preventing indexing while ammunition is being fed into said drums and for locking said doors to prevent feeding of ammunition while said drums are being indexed. This protects the operators. The drums move the projectiles and powder cases into alignment with and Vinto said hoist tubes or passages. The lower hoist has chains moving through said tubes to elevate the ammunition in said tubes to a rotatable carrier. A supportis provided for the projectile when moved into said tube and this support is moved from beneath the projectile allowing 'the latter to rest on top of the powder case and the round is thus moved up in tandem with the projectile riding directly on the powder case plug. The chains in the lower hoist tubes are equipped with retaining members which prevent shucking of the ammunition units during deceleration of the hoist.

The carrier to which the round of ammunition is delivered by said lower hoist is rotatably mounted on a central column which depends from the gun supporting portion or mount proper. The said carrier has circumferentially spaced chambers which receive the ammunition from the tubes of said lower hoist. In the embodiment of 'the invention illustrated, said chambers in the carrier yare spaced degrees apart. The carrier is automatically rotated to bring the chambers thereof into alignment with one or more tubes or passages of an upper hoist, which upper hoist is carried by and rotates with the gun or 'the mount proper. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated, the upper hoist has two tubes spaced 180 degrees apart. The carrier has a control mechanism which receives information as to the position of the mount proper, and the velocity and direction of rotation of the mount proper. This information is added mechanically and the carrier drive and control mechanism therefor is triggered to cause rotation of the carrier in a direction which will bring its said chambers into alignment with the said tubes of the upper or lower hoists in the shortest period of time. The carrier is provided with latches which are operated to latch it to the upper and lower hoists respectively. Either chamber of said carrier can deliver to either tube of the upper hoist.

The ammunition is automatically transferred laterally from the chambers in the carrier to the tubes of the upper hoist while the carrier is latched to the upper hoist. Upon completion of the transfer the carrier automatically returns to the lower hoist and is latched thereto in position to receive further ammunition from the lower hoist.

The upper hoist, which is illustrated as a shuttle hoist, elevates the units or rounds of ammunition to a cradle. In the embodiment of the invention illustrated, two cradles are provided, one at each side of the gun. Said cradles are respectively carried on arms which respectively swing about the axis of the gun trunnions. The cradle comprises a casing having a chamber therein which receives the unit or round of ammunition from the upper hoist while said chamber is in a substantially vertical position, vertically aligned with an upper hoist tube and latched to the upper hoist. The cradle is then automatically swung upward 'to bring the casing and chamber thereof into position at the rear of the gun and substantially parallel to the gun axis and alongside a transfer tray. The round of ammunition is then automatically transferred laterally or sidewise from the cradle to said transfer tray.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated two transfer trays are provided, one at each side of the gun adjacent the rear thereof. The round is clamped in position in the transfer tray and While the transfer tray is in its receiving position, the mechanical time fuse is set. The fuse pot of the fuse setter mechanism is automatically moved to engage and set the said time fuse and the fuse pot is 'then retracted.

Each tray is moved from a receiving position in which it is substantially parallel to the gun axis and at one side and adjacent the rear of the gun, in which position it receives the round from the cradle, to a discharging or ramming position in axial alignment with the gun bore. The round is then rammed from the tray into the breach by the rammer. The transfer trays are alternately moved to a ramrning position so that one tray is being loaded while the other is having the round rammed therefrom. As soon as the rammer cross-head has cleared the forward end of the transfer tray the transfer tray starts back to receiving position.

The breech block is raised to closing position immediately after the rammer is retracted.

As soon as the charge is red the breech block is lowered. The operation of the breech block both in closing and opening is automatically and hydraulically powered. rllriggering of the opening cycle of the block is accomplished by valving which is actuated during recoil.

An empty case tray is provided which moves from a receiving position in which it is in substantial alignment with the gun bore to a discharge position below the gun bore.l The empty case tray moves to its receiving position between each movement of a transfer tray to ramming position. Suitable interlocks are provided to prevent any interference of the transfer trays and the empty case tray.

A discharge chute for the empty cases is provided into which the empty cases are discharged by the empty case tray. The empty cases are then moved through said chute and are discharged at the end thereof.

In the light of the foregoing, it is an object of this invention to provide a mount for a gun comprising means for supplying ammunition to said gun including a series of cooperating mechanisms which move the round from the loading deck to the gun.

It is another object of this invention to provide a mount for a gun having parts powered from an accumulator system, a recoil mechanism for said gun together with means actuated by the recoil of said gun for charging fluid into the accumulator system.

It is also an object of this invention to provide a mount for a gun, including a breech block movable to operative or closed position and to inoperative or open position, together with a novel and etiicient power operated mechanism for moving said block to said positions.

It is still another object of this invention to provide a mount for a gun, including a breech block movable to operative or closed position and to inoperative or open position, together with novel and efficient manually operated mechanism for moving said block to said positions.

It is still further an object of this invention to provide such a structure as set forth in the two preceding paragraphs, together with means operated with the movement of said breech block for ejecting the empty case shell from said gun.

These and other objects and advantages of 'the invention will be fully set forth in the following description made in connection with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views and in which:

FIG. l is a somewhat schematic perspective view of the mount, some parts being broken away;

FIG. la is a schematic perspective view of the upper portion of the mount, some parts being broken away;

FIG. lb is a vertical section taken substantially on line lb-lb of FIG. la looking forwardly as indicated by the arrows;

FIG. 2 is a view in front elevation of the principal portions of the mount;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section of the breech block and a portion of the operating mechanism therefor;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section of another portion of the breech block operating mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view in vertical section of another portion of the operating mechanism for the breech lock.

Before proceeding with the detailed description of the various parts of the mount, a general description of the mount in connection with the showing in FIGS. 1, la, lb and 2 will be given.

As above stated, the mount comprises the loader which includes two identical loading devices. Each of these devices comprises the lower casing 20 and an upper casing 24. A powder case drum 28 is rotatable in each casing 20 and a projectile drum 40 is rotatable in each casing 24. The powder cases are pushed into the casing 20 and into the powder case drum by the operator. The case is pushed against and past a pair of resiliently mounted doors 5l and the projectiles are similarly pushed into the casings 24 and into the projectile drum through a similar pair of doors 27. The powder case drums and the projectile drums are rotated or indexed step by step and the round of ammunition comprising the powder case and projectile is brought into alignment with the hoist tubes 190011 in the casings 1900 of the lower hoist. Chains 1903 move in the casings 1900 and have pawls 1908 thereon which engage the bottom of the powder case and move the same upwardly in said tubes. The projectile rests on top of the powder case and is moved up by the same.

The lower hoist moves the round comprising the powder case and a projectile into a round-receiving chamber in a carrier 300. The carrier 300 at its lower end moves within a ring 316 having a circumferential tlange supported upon the main deck. The casings 1900 of the lower hoist at their upper ends are also within ring 316. The carrier rotates on ball bearings 307 about a central column 302 which is secured to a frame 15a which depends from and is secured to frame 15 and thus depends from the gun support or mount proper. Carrier 300 has a spider 300!) adjacent its lower end. Said carrier has round-receiving chambers in casings 326 at each side thereof.

An upper hoist is provided and this comprises the hoist tube casings 301 which are carried by brackets 303 secured to a portion 302g of the central column which is in turn secured to frame 15a. The casings 301 are 180 degrees apart. The upper hoist thus rotates with the central column and thus with the mount proper on which the gun 10 is mounted. The round of ammunition is transferred laterally by sutiable mechanism from the chambers in the carrier 300 lto the tubes of the upper hoist in casings 301. The carrier 300 is rotated so as to bring the roundreceiving chambers therein into axial alignment with the tubes of the lower hoist and is latched in such position. After receiving the round the carrier is rotated to bring the chambers therein into lateral or radial alignment with the tubes in the upper hoist and is latched to the upper hoist in this position.

The upper hoist moves the round to and into a cradle 902. Cradle 902 comprises a generally cylindrical casing open at its receiving end. The cradle when in receiving position is in axial vertical alignment with a tube of the upper hoist and is latched in this position. Said cradle 902 is carried on an arm 900 which is in turn oscillatably mounted upon a journal projecting from and coaxial with the gun trunnion 12b so that said arm 900 swings about the axis of the gun trunnion. Arm 900 has pivotally connected thereto an arm 904 which comprises a hydraulic cylinder 904a and piston 90411 so that it is extensible. Arm 904 is pivoted at its other end to the base ring 14. When the round of ammunition has been transferred to the cradle by the upper hoist, arm 904 is extended and the cradle is swung upwardly to a position adjacent the rear of the gun and with its axis substantially parallel to the axis of the gun. The cradle is guided in this movement by an arcuate guide bar 992.

The upper position of the cradle 902 is its discharge position and it is then alongside and parallel to the transfer tray 1100 and is latched to the slide 12. Mechanism is provided to transfer the round sidewise from the cradle 902 into the transfer tray 1100. The fuse of the projectile is set by the fuse pot 1531 while the round is in the transfer tray. The transfer tray 1100 is then swung down to be coaxial with the bore of gun and the round is then rammed by the rammer spade 1700 from the tray 1100 into the breech of the gun.

The gun 10 and housing 11 have the usual recoil construction and move relatively to the slide 12. Slide 12 includes large side plates 12a and a tailpiece 12e. The slide is carried on the trunnions 12b. The trunnions are journaled in large side frames 13 which are secured to the base ring 14. Base ring 14 is in a large weldment of general rectangular form` with rounded corners. The slide and gun are elevated by a power driven pinion engaging the gear segment 16 secured to the slide.

Breech Block Mechanismy Referring to FIGS. 3-5, a breech block for the gun is shown as 1560. Said breech block is moved vertically into a iiring or breech-closing position and to a ram or inoperative position. Block 1560 has a slight upward taper and when in firing position is wedged between a surface 11a of the gun housing 11 and the rear surface of the powder case. The rim of the powder case is between the block and the rear surface of the gun. A link 1565 is pivotally connected to the lower portion of block 1560 by the pivot pin 1566, the upper portion of said link rnoving in a recess 156051 in the bottom ofthe breech block. Link 1565 is pivotally connected by a pin 1567 to a lever 1568 which is swingable about a shaft 1570 carried in the outer end portion of bracket 1571 projecting from a valve block 1572 movable with the gun in its recoil and counterrecoil movement. Lever 1568 is generally of triangular shape and has pivoted adjacent one side thereof by a pin 1574, a link 1573. Link 1573 is pivotally connected at its other end by a pin 1576 to a valve rod 1578a of a valve 1578 movable in a valve chamber 1572a of valve block 1572. Shaft 1570 has secured thereto a cam 1580 having at one side an arm 1580a adapted in one position of said cam to actuate a switch IW7A and in another position of said cam to actuate a switch IWIA, B, C. Said cam 1580 also has a cam surface 1580b adapted in the movement of said cam to actuate a switch IW4A, B, which switch has an actuating arm IW4A, Ba carry-ing a roller adapted to engage the cam surface 1580b.

A piston valve 1578 reciprocates in valve block 1572 and this moves valve rod 157841 and swings lever 1568 from the position shown in full lines in FIG. 3 to the dotted line positon shown in said figure and this pulls down upon link 1565 and lowers the breech block. Valve 1578 has a reduced portion 1578a1 which projects through the front end of block 1572 and is connected by a link 1582 to a valve rod 1584a of a piston 1584 movable in a chamber 1572c of block 1572. Piston 1584 has a rod 1584b which projects through the front end of block 1572.

Valve 1578 has `an axial recess therein adjacent rod 1578511 in which is disposed a valve 1586. Valve 1586 has a beveled front surface which engages a surface on an annular portion 1578b of valve 1578, which portion 15781) surrounds an opening 15780 in valve 1578. Valve 1586 is held against said surface by a compression coiled spring 1585. A plurality of radial passages 1578d extend from the opening or chamber 15780 to the outer cylindrical surface of valve 1578. A plurality of passages 1578e extend Ifrom `the rear end of valve 1578 to an annular chamber 1578f surrounding valve 1586 at its rear end. Valve 1586 has an axial bore or chamber 1578g therein from which extend la plurality of radial passages 157811, said last mentioned passages extending to chamber 1578f and thus communicating with passages 1578e. Valve block 1572 has an annular chamber 1572d extending about the rear end of Valve chamber 1572a. Said block also has therein a valve chamber 1572e in one part of which is disposed a valve 1587 having a ilaring open rear end with which engages a beveled valve 1588 moved into such engagement by a compression coiled spring 1589, the other end of which engages one end of valve chamber 1572s. A number of small passages 1588a extend along the beveled surface of valve 1588. Valve 1587 has an axial chamber therein and a plurality of passages 1587a extend from said chamber to the exterior of said valve. Valve 1587 also has `a plurality of passages 158711 extending through the wall thereof at its front end. A lpassage 1572g connects valve chamber 1572e to the annular chamber 1572d and thus to valve cahmber 1572a. A conduit and passage 1591 extends from the front end of valve chamber 1572e to a valve block 1592 which is movable with the gun in its recoil and counter-recoil. A conduit and passage 1593 extends from one end of valve chamber 157201 to a valve block 1595. There -are a number of the valve blocks 1595 and in practice three of these have been used. Each valve block 1595 has therein a valve 1596 movable in a chamber 159561 of the block 1595 and said valve has :a plunger 159611 projecting above the top of block 1595. Block 1595 has a portion with a top surface 1505b which is a short distance below the upper end of plungers 1596 when the latter are in their upper positions. In practice this distance has been approximately one-quarter of an inch. When the bottom of the breech block is in the plane of the upper ends of plungers 1596 in their upper positions, it is in ram position. Each valve 1595 has-a small passage extending from the bottom thereof to adjacent its top `from which small radial passages extend to an upper enlarged end of valve chamber 1595a. Blocks 1595 are so located that the plungers 1596 are engaged by the bottom of said block when the block is lowered. Passage and conduit 1593 also communicates with another passage and conduit 1593:: which extends to a valve chamber 1597a in a valve block 1597 which also moves with the gun in its recoil and counter-recoil movement. Passage 1593 adjacent chamber 1572a has therein 'a chamber in which is disposed a check valve 1598. Another passage 1600 extends from passage 1593 in block 1572 to and around chamber 1572a and to an annular chamber 1572h in block 1572. A multiplicity of small passages 1572i extend from chamber 1572h to chamber 1572a.

Another passage and conduit 1572]' extends from chamber 1572d to a valve chamber 1572k extending longitudinally and some distance in block 1572. Passage 1572i has a chamber therein in which is disposed a check valve 1601. A plunger 1603 is disposed in chamber 1572k and is connected at a point beyond block 1572 to the slide 12. Chamber 1572k has an enlarged portion at its rear end connecting to the main portion by a beveled surface 1572m. Plunger 1603 has an enlarged portion 160317 `at its rear end which fits in passage 1572k in the smaller part of said passage to the left of beveled portion 1572m, as seen in FIG. 5. Plunger 1603 has an laxial passage 1603@ extending therethrough and in practice this normally contains supercharge pressure which is in the operation of the block equivalent to being connected to tank. A passage and conduit 157211 extends between the ends of chamber 1572k, the same having therein a chamber in which is disposed a check valve 16114. A passage 1605 connects to one end of passage 157211 and also connects with a valve chamber 160751 formed in a valve block 1607, said chamber having an enlarged rear end. A valve 1608 is movable in the smaller end of chamber 1607a `and is moved toward said end by a coiled compression spring 1609. A passage 1607b extends from an annular chamber about valve 1608 to passage 157211. A passage 1667c extends from passage 1607i: to the enlarged end of valve chamber 160761. Block 1607 and associated parts form a relief valve. A conduit and passage 15720 extends from the rear end of chamber 1572k to a valve chamber 1592)c in valve block 1592. A conduit and passage 1610 extends from passage 15720 to and alongside the upper portion of valve chamber 15970, the same having several branches opening into said chamber.

Valve block 1572 carries a portion having a chamber 157212 having a reduced portion in which tits and moves a pump plunger 1611 having an enlarged portion with a collar thereon engaged by a coiled compression spring 1612 disposed in an enlarged portion of chamber 1572p and acting to move plunger 1611 to the left, as shown in FIG. 5. Plunger 1611 projects from block 1572 and at its end is engaged by a roller carried on the lower end of a hand lever 1614 pivoted at 1615 in a bracket 1616 mounted on the gun slide 12. A passage 1572q extends from chamber 1572p to a tank passage 1572;'. A chamber is disposed in passage 1572q and contains a springpressed check valve 1617. A passage 1572s extends from one end of chamber 1572p to the tank passage 1572r and contains a chamber in which is disposed a spring-pressed check valve 1619. The passages 157241, 1572s and 15721- extend below the chamber 1572p, as shown in FIG. 3, to a valve chamber 1572i. Said passages each have a chamber below chamber 1572p in which are respectively disposed spring-pressed check valves 1620 and 1621. Said latter check valves prevent the flow of liquid toward chamber 1572p. Valve chamber 1572i has passages leading from either side thereof which are adapted to be closed by spring-pressed check valves 1622 and 1623. Passages 1572u and 72v lead respectively from the chambers of valves 1622 and 1623 to the ends of valve chamber 1572. A valve 1624 is rotatable in chamber 1572i and has portions adapted to close the ports at either side thereof or have said ports open.

Valve block 1592 has a chamber 1592a therein in which is movable a valve 1625 urged to its upper position in said valve chamber by a compression coiled spring 1626. Valve 1625 has a valve rod 16250 extending upwardly therefrom connected by a link 1627 to a bell crank lever 1629 pivoted to a bracket carried on the gun housing 11. Lever 1629 also has connected thereto a link 163) wihch is connected by a pivot 1631 to the powder case ejectors 1632. Said ejectors 1632 have lips 1632a which lare disposed in front of the powder case rim. Member 1631 carries a roller which moves in a slot 162841 of a bracket 1628 carried on the gun housing. The ejector 1632 has an arm 163217 carrying a cam roller 1632 which rolls on the top of bracket 1628 and assists in guiding the movement of ejector 1632. There is an ejector 1632 -at each side of the breech and thus at each side of the empty case. The breech block is provided with a recess 1560!; in which are disposed the ejectors 1632.

Block 1592 also has therein a valve chamber 1592i) in which is disposed a valve casing 1636. A valve 1634 is movable in casing 1636 and is moved to its upper position by a compression coiled spring 1635. Casing 1636 has a central opening at its top above valve 1634 and has annular ports 163651 and 163611 in the sides thereof with which valve 1634 cooperates. A passage 15921@ extends from port 1636zz to the upper end of valve chamber A passage 1592d extends from the lower portion of port 1636a to the lower end of valve chamber 159261. A passage 1592@ extends from the upper end of valve chamber 159221 to a valve chamber 15921 in which is disposed a valve 1637, which valve is moved to its upper position by a compression coiled spring 1638. A passage 1592g extends from the lower end of valve chamber 1592er to the bottom of valve chamber 1592]t and also connects to passage 15720, Passage 15720 extends to and communicates with chamber 15927. Valve 1637 has an upper portion 16370 projecting from block 1592 and adapted to be engaged by the bottom of the breech block when the latter is lowered.

A passage 159211 extends from passage 15720 to a valve chamber 1592i in block 1592. A valve 164i) is disposed in and movable in chamber 1592i, the same having a rod at its upper end having therein spaced detent grooves 16Min either of which is adapted to receive a spring pressed detent 1641 for holding valve 16411 in different positions. It will be noted that conduit and passage 1591 communicates with valve chamber 1592i adjacent the upper portion thereof. Valve 1666 has connected to the upper end of the rod extending therefrom a link 1642 in turn connected to a bell crank lever 1643 pivoted to a bracket 1644 secured to the gun housing 11. A lever 1645 is pivoted intermediate its ends to a lug carried on the rammer guide by a pivot 1646 and has an upper portion engaged by a coiled torsion spring 1647. Lever 1645 is held in the position shown in FIG. 3 by spring 1647 and is adapted to be engaged by the rammer spade when the latter moves to ramming position. Lever 1645 has a lower portion adapted to engage a roller 1648 carried on one arm of the bell crank lever 1643.

Valve 1625 has a valve rod depending therefrom through the bottom of block 1592, the same being connected by a link 1650 to one end of a lever 1651 pivoted at its opposite end to a bracket 1652 carried on the gun housing 11. Valve 1646 has a yoke 16d-9b embracing said lever so that when valve 1625 moves downwardly, lever 1651 can engage yoke 164% and move valve 164i) downwardly.

A passage 1592i extends from the lower portion of valve chamber 1592/l to the upper portion of valve chamber 1592i. A conduit and passage 1592c extends from the upper end of passage 1592]' to an intermediate point in valve chamber 15570. A passage and conduit 1592111 extends from valve chamber 1592i at a point below the upper end of passage 1592]' to chamber 1597a below passage 1592/6. It will be noted that passage 16111 extending from passage 15720 extends along the side or valve chamber 15970 andhas several ports communicating with said valve chamber. A passage 1597i) extends from one side of valve chamber 1597tz and will be connected to accumulator pressure or PA. Passage 1597]) has therein a chamber in which is disposed a check valve 1654 preventing passage of fluid outwardly from chamber 1597a through passage 159712. An arm 1653 which moves with lever 1651 about pivot 16520 has connected thereto a link 1656 which is in turn connected to a cylindrical shell 1657 slidable in a bore in an extension of valve block 1597. Member 1657 is bored to receive the cylindrical end of a detent member 1658 which has a front detent portion adapted to enter a recess 166th: in a valve 1666 which is movable in chamber 159%. Member 1658 is urged to move toward valve 1666 and into recess 166051 when possible by a compression coiled spring 1661. Member 1658 has an elongated slot 1653a therein in which is movable a pin 1662 secured to member 1657. When valve 1625 is moved downwardly and lever 1651 is swung about pivot 1652a, arm 1652 will be swung counter-clockwise, as shown in FIG. 3 and pin 1662 will be moved to the end of slot 1658a so that the detent member 1658 will be held in withdrawn position. When valve 1625 is in its upper 'that a free passage is had to passage 1572g.

position, as shown in FIG. 3, detent 1658 can enter the recess 1660a when said recess aligns with member 1653. Valve 1660 is urged to its upper position by a compression coiled spring 1663 engaging the lower end of said valve and the bottom of valve chamber 1597a. Valve 1660 has a roller 1665 at its upper end which is urged against the bottom of a portion of the slide 12 which contains a downwardly sloping cam portion 12g.

A hand lever 1666 is swingable about a pivot 1665 -in a bracket 1668 carried on slide 12 and lever 1666 extends below said bracket and is pivotally connected adjacent its lower end to a link 1669 which at its other end is pivotally connected to one arm of a bell crank lever 1670. The other arm 1670s: of said lever is dis- .latched for movement, switch IWBA is moved to position to prevent a rammer operation, which operation would at such time cause damage.

A pair of switches 1W2A,B and IW3A,B are shown .above the .gun housing 11 spaced in the direction of recoil. Said switches have actuating arms which carry rollers adapted to be engaged by the cam surface 11e when counter-recoil occurs. Said switches will thus indicate .respectively how far the gun is from battery.

Operation of Breech Block Assuming that the breech block is in upper breech closing position, as shown in FIG. 3, a cycle of operation to lower the block occurs as follows. The gun is red and recoil occurs and valve block 1597 is moved rearwardly with the gun as are also valve blocks 1592 and 1572. As roller 1665 is moved rearwardly it is moved down by cam surface 12g and this depresses valve 1660. Detent member 1658 enters recess 166ta and holds valve l1660 in this depressed position. PA can now pass from passage `1597b around valve 1665, between the upper two .lands thereof, through passage 1592k, around valve 1646, -between the upper two lands thereof, into passage 1591,

through valve chamber 1572e, through port 1572g, chamber 15720.' and passages 1578d to the right-hand end of valve 1578. Valve 158Sa is moved rearwardly against the Vpressure of spring 1589 by this pressure so When Valve 1578 is moved to the left, as shown in FIG. 5, in lowering the block it will cut off passage 16641 when it approaches the end of its movement. The fluid must then pass out through the small passages 1572i into annular chamber 1592h and through passage 1601i. This will give a bufling effect or decelerating movement to the valve and to the block 1560. The PA moves valve 1578 to the left, as shown in FIG. 5. This will move rod 1578a and swing lever 1578 to pull down on block 1566 by the link 1565 and the breech block is lowered.

When recoil occurs, valve block 1572 is moved to the right, as shown in FIG. 5, and thus moves relatively kto plunger 1603. When the enlarged portion 1603b of plunger 1603 enters the smaller part of chamber 1572k, the fluid in said chamber is moved by said plunger and passes out through passage 1572j, around check valve 1601 and 'into the annular passage 1572d and thus to the right-hand end of valve 1578, as seen in FIG. 5. Thus both pressure formed by recoil and PA are placed on valve 1578. The recoil pressure rises to a much higher figure than the PA. Both are used to be sure to swing lever 1568 and break the toggle formed by said lever and link 1565 and to break the breech block 156) loose and pull the same downwardly. Lever 1568 is thus swung and the breech block is moved downward.

It will be noted that `the fluid forced out of chamber 1572k cannot go into passage 157211 on account of check valve 1604i. It can go into passage 1605 and into chamber 16071 Should the pressure rise sufficiently to move valve 1668 to the right a sufficient distance, the fluid can then move through passage 166%, into passage 157211, into chamber 157'2k and out through passage 1653er to supercharge or tank. Valve 1668 is thus merely a relief valve to control the maximum pressure.

As stated, the bottom of the block engages the plungers 1596 and moves these plungers down against PC or supercharge pressure which is approximately 200 pounds per square inch. The block is thus cushioned or buffed and continues downwardly until it reaches and engages the surfaces 1,5955 The valve blocks 1595 and plungers 1596 were provided to prevent any bouncing of the breech block when it moves to its lower position. In the rst operation of the mount, considerable trouble was encountered due to a bouncing action of the breech block when it reached its ram position. The time cycle of the block in its lowering movement is .G6 of a second. The prcblem presented was solved by the provision of plungers 15 6.

When the breech block is thus moved downward, it engages the top of portion 1637er and moves valve 1637 downwardly. As stated, PA is now in passage 1592k and the same now passes through passage 1592]', around valve 1637, between the lands thereof, into passage 1592e and to the upper end of valve 1634. Valve 1634 is moved downwardly in shell 1636 and when it moves down sufficiently, PA can pass freely through the upper central opening in shell 1636 and through port 1636a and passage 1592c to the upper end of valve 1625. Valve 1625 is now moved downwardly, pulling clown upon link 1627 and swinging lever 1629. Lever 1629 pulls upon link 163@ and this swings the ejectors 1632 and pulls or ejects the empty powder case from the breech of the gun, which powder case is discharged into the empty case tray. When valve 1625 moves downwardly, it moves the end of lever 1651 downwardly, which lever engages the yoke 1646b and moves the same downwardly, thus moving valve 1640 downwardly. Detent 1641 will now enter the upper recess 164011.

When lever 1651 is swung downwardly, arm 1652 is swung in a counter-clockwise direction and detent member 1658 is moved to the left, as shown in FIG. 3, releasing valve 1660 so that it will be raised by spring 1663 when not obstructed by cam surface 12g. As soon as there is suflicient recoil, valve 1661i will move up to the position shown in FIG. 3. PA can now pass from passage 1597b, around valve 1661i, between the lower lands thereof, through passage 159351 and passage 1593, into chamber 15950! of block 1595. This pressure will now move plungers 1596 to their upper position, as shown in FiG. 3, and the bottom of the breech block 1566 will be moved from the plane of surfaces 1595 to the plane of the top surfaces of plungers 1596. The breech block is now moved to ram position. However, the breech block is still held down by PA being at the right or rear end of valve 1575.

When valve 16611 moved upwardly, PA was cut off from passage 1592k and PA was cut oif from the top of valves 1636 and 1625. Spring 1626 now moves valve 1625 upwardly, thus moving link 1627 and swinging lever 1629 and the ejectors 1632 to the position shown in FiG. 3. Ports 1636a and the lower part of valve chamber 159241 are now ported to supercharge or tank through passages 1592g, 15720 and 16ti3a. When PA is cut off from passage 1592k, as described, spring 1533 will move valve 1637 to its upper position.

The block is now, as stated, in ram position and the gun moves back into battery.

As the rammer moves forwardly to ram the next round into the breech, the rammer spade 17619 moving forwardly contacts lever 1647 swinging the same in a counter-elec cwise position about pivot 1666. The lower end of lever 1647 engages roller 1648 on lever 1643 and said lever is swung in a clockwise direction, thus pulling up on link 1642 and lifting valve 1640 to its upper position, as shown in FIG. 3. Detent member 1658 is now released since valve 1625 is in its upper position and yoke 164% is in its upper position. Said detent is thus in position to again enter recess 166% when valve 166) is depressed in the next recoil. When valve 164@ is moved to its upper position the fiuid at the right-hand or rear end of valve 1578 can now pass through passages 1578d, chamber 157261, chamber 1572e, passage 1591, around valve 164i? between the lands thereof, through passage 1592!@ around valve 1660, through the port next to the top port from chamber 1597er, through passage 161@ and to chamber 1572k, and through passage 160351 to tank.

Also with Valve 1661i in its upper position, PA can now pass through passage 159711, around valve 1661i between the lower lands thereof, through passages 159%, 1593 and into chamber 1572a at the front or left-hand of valve 1573, as seen in FIG. 5. Valve 1578 is now moved to the right and lever 1568 is swung about its pivot 1571i, thus moving link 1565 upwardly and moving block 1560 to its upper position. As valve 1575 moves to its rearmost or right-hand position, as shown in FG. 5, when the rearmost end part is beyond chamber 15720?, some liquid will be trapped. This will force valve 1556 to the left against the pressure of spring 1555 and give a bufiing effect. It may be stated that when valve 1578 is moved rearwardly or to the right, the fluid at the right-hand end thereof passes out through passages 157861, into annular chamber 1572d and through passage 1572g and passages 1537a and 158717 to conduit 1591, then to valve chamber 1592i, around valve 1641i to conduit 1592k, around valve 1660, through conduit 1610, through conduit 15720 to valve chamber 1572c and through passage 16%1 to PS or tank. When valve 1578 nears the end of its movement the fiuid must go through passages 15726, annular chamber 1572d and the small passages 153Sa. This gives a buffing effect. The valve block 1561i is now again in its upper position and all parts have been brought to the position shown in FIGS. 3 and 5.

Apparatus is provided for manually operating the breech block. When it is desired to manually lower the block, lever 1666 will be swung to swing lever 167i) and depress valve 166i). The operator can then operate lever 1614 and operate the pump plunger 1611. If it is desired to lower the block, valve 1624 will be moved clockwise, as shown in FIG. 5, to bring line 162% into coincidence with line 16mb. The port at the left-hand side of chamber 1572i will now be opened and the port at the right-hand side of said chamber will be closed. Operation of pump plunger 1611 will now force uid past check valve 1621, around Valve 1623 and through passage 157211 to the right-hand end of valve 1584. This valve will now be moved to the left, as shown in FIG. 5, and this will move rod 158461, link 1552, valve 1575, rod 157851 and link 1573, and will swing lever 1568 to pull down upon link 1565 and lower the block. The fluid at the left-hand side or front side of valve 1534 will pass out through passage 1572u, into the chamber of valve 1622, and then through passage 1574;f to the top of valve 1624 and out through said latter passage to tank. lf it is desired to raise the block, valve 162/5.- will be moved counterclockwise, as shown in FG. 5, to bring line 162% into coincidence with line 162110. The port at the righthand side of chamber 1572i will now be opened and the port at the left-hand side of said chamber will be closed. Reciprocation of plungers 1611 will now force liquid past the valve 1626, into the chamber of valve 1622 and through passage 1572u to the front or left-hand side of valve 1584. Valve 1584 will now be moved to the left, as shown in FIG. 5, and lever 1563 will be swung to move link 1565 upwardly and move the valve block 1560 to its upper position. The fluid at the right-hand side of valve 1534 can move through passage 1572v, into the chamber of valve 1625, and then around the upper side 12 of valve 1624 to tank passage 15721'. The breech block 156@ can thus be lowered and raised manually.

As previously described, the rammer spade has a bufiing member 1761. The rammer eventually engages the gun housing. Should the housing be too far out of battery proper bufiing will not take place and the rammer will bang against the housing. Switch IWZAB prevents operation of the rammer until the gun is within one-half inch of battery. Switch IWSAB prevents the lowering of a transfer tray until the gun is within three and thirteensixteenths of an inch from battery at which time the transfer tray will clear the gun housing.

What is claimed is:

1. In an automatically operated gun of the recoil type having a breech opened and closed by an automatically operated breech block means, an automatically operated shell ejector operable to remove the shell from said breech, said automatically operated breech block means including a breech block, a recoil actuated valve, a breech block operating fiuid motor operable to effect movement of said breech block to open and close said breech, said recoil actuated valve operable during recoil of said gun to effect the communication of a first pressurized fluid to said breech block operating fluid motor to move said breech block to open said breech, fiuid pump means operated by recoil of said gun to generate a second pressurized fluid, said second pressurized fluid being communicated during recoil to said breech block operating motor in a manner to reinforce said first pressurized fiuid during the opening of said breech, said automatically operated shell ejector including an ejector valve actuated 'by said breech block when it approaches the breech opened position, a shell ejector fluid motor, said shell ejector fluid motor having said first pressurized fiuid communicated thereto by actuation of said ejector valve by said breech block, said recoil 'actuated valve being actuated by the return of said gun to battery in a manner to reverse said breech block fiuid motor thereby closing said breech.

2. The device set forth in claim l wherein manually actuated fiuid means are superimposed on said automatically operated breech block means, said manually operated means being operable to move said breech block to open and close said breech.

3. The device set forth in claim 2 wherein a breech block buffer means is provided and is operable to absorb the inertia of said breech block at the end of the breech opening movement thereby preventing Ibouncing of said breech block.

4. The device set forth in claim 3 wherein said breech block operating fiuid motor is provided with means to decelerate its movement at the end of the breech opening stroke.

5. In an automatically operated gun of the recoil type including means to return a gun tube from a recoiled position to a battery position, an automatically operated breech block and shell ejector assembly operable to open and close the breech of the gun tube and to remove a shell from said breech, the improvement wherein said automatically operated breech block and shell ejector assembly comprises a breech block, a breech block operating fiuid motor operably connected to said breech block, a recoil actuated valve operable to control the fiow of a first pressurized fiuid to said breech block operating motor, said recoil valve being moved by recoil of said gun tube to permit the communication of said first pressurized uid to said breech block operating motor thereby causing said motor to move said breech block to open the breech of said gun tube, fluid pump means actuated by said recoil operable to generate a second pressurized fluid, said second pressurized fiuid being communicated to said breech block operating motor in a manner to reinforce said first pressurized fluid during movement of said breech block to open the breech of said gun tube, a fiuid motor operated shell ejector means, a spring biased ejector valve being operable when said breech block reaches its breech open position to actuate said shell ejector means thereby ejecung said shell, a rammel actuated valve operable when a shell ."s being rammed into said gun tube, said rammer actuated valve and said recoil actuated valve operable to act in conjunction to effect communication of Vsaid rst pressurized fluid to said breech block operating motor in a manner to cause movement of said breech block to said breech closing position, and buffer means on said breech block operating motor to cause gradual deceleration thereof at the end of said breech opening or closing movement.

6, The device set vforth in claim 5 wherein cushioning means including a fiuid operated motor are provided, said rst and second pressurized uids being simultaneously communicated to said cushioning means in a manner whereby said fluid cushions the terminal movement of said breech block duringr the breech opening movement.

Vickers Oct. 29, 1946 Summerbell Feb. 3, 1948 

1. IN AN AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED GUN OF THE RECOIL TYPE HAVING A BREECH OPENED AND CLOSED BY AN AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED BREECH BLOCK MEANS, AN AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED SHELL EJECTOR OPERABLE TO REMOVE THE SHELL FROM SAID BREECH, SAID AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED BREECH BLOCK MEANS INCLUDING A BREECH BLOCK, A RECOIL ACTUATED VALVE, A BREECH BLOCK OPERATING FLUID MOTOR OPERABLE TO EFFECT MOVEMENT OF SAID BREECH BLOCK TO OPEN AND CLOSE SAID BREECH, SAID RECOIL ACTUATED VALVE OPERABLE DURING RECOIL OF SAID GUN TO EFFECT THE COMMUNICATION OF A FIRST PRESSURIZED FLUID TO SAID BREECH BLOCK OPERATING FLUID MOTOR TO MOVE SAID BREECH BLOCK TO OPEN SAID BREECH, FLUID PUMP MEANS OPERATED BY RECOIL OF SAID GUN TO GENERATE A SECOND PRESSURIZED FLUID, SAID SECOND PRESSURIZED FLUID BEING COMMUNICATED DURING RECOIL TO SAID BREECH BLOCK OPERATING MOTOR IN A MANNER TO REINFORCE SAID FIRST PRESSURIZED FLUID DURING THE OPENING OF SAID BREECH, SAID AUTOMATICALLY OPERATED SHELL EJECTOR INCLUDING AN EJECTOR VALVE ACTUATED BY SAID BREECH BLOCK WHEN IT APPROACHES THE BREECH OPENED POSITION, A SHELL EJECTOR FLUID MOTOR, SAID SHELL EJECTOR FLUID MOTOR HAVING SAID FIRST PRESSURIZED FLUID COMMUNI- 